Management Of Hiccups in ED
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EVALUATION OF JAUNDICE IN ED
Jaundice is the yellow discoloration of body tissues caused by an excess accumulation of bilirubin, also referred to as hyperbilirubinemia. Normal bilirubin levels are less than 1mg/dL, while scleral icterus, a sign of jaundice, is observed when levels exceed 3mg/dL. Jaundice is classified into two main types. 1. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia 2. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia Forms of Bilirubin Characteristics Unconjugated - Insoluble in water. - Travels in the bloodstream bound to albumin. - Cannot be directly excreted from the body. Conjugated - Water-soluble. - Travels freely in the bloodstream. - Excreted in bile and urine Pathophysiology of jaundice metabolism of bilirubin occurs in 3 phases. Prehepatic phase Hepatic phase Post hepatic phase. 1. ...