Jaundice is the yellow discoloration of body tissues caused by an excess accumulation of bilirubin, also referred to as hyperbilirubinemia. Normal bilirubin levels are less than 1mg/dL, while scleral icterus, a sign of jaundice, is observed when levels exceed 3mg/dL. Jaundice is classified into two main types. 1. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia 2. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia Forms of Bilirubin Characteristics Unconjugated - Insoluble in water. - Travels in the bloodstream bound to albumin. - Cannot be directly excreted from the body. Conjugated - Water-soluble. - Travels freely in the bloodstream. - Excreted in bile and urine Pathophysiology of jaundice metabolism of bilirubin occurs in 3 phases. Prehepatic phase Hepatic phase Post hepatic phase. 1. ...
